CCNA Interview questions

The default is–for LAN interfaces, one tick; for WAN interfaces, six ticks

The following commands setup the subinterfaces to allow for two types of encapsulation: interface ethernet 0.1 ipx encapsulation Novell-ether ipx network 9e interface ethernet 0.2 ipx encapsulation sap ipx network 6c

It enables load sharing on 2 paths if the paths are equal metric paths. The default is 1 path and the maximum is 512 paths.

To assign multiple network numbers, you usually use subinterfaces. A sample configuration follows: ipx ethernet 0.1 ipx encapsulation novell-ether ipx network 9e interface ethernet 0.2 ipx encapsulation sap ipx network 6c
By default, Cisco routers forward GNS SAPs to remote networks.
* False
* True
Correct answer: A
GNS is Novell’s protocol to Get Nearest Server. If there is a server on the local network, that server will respond. If there isn’t, the Cisco router has to be configured to forward the GNS SAP.

* Each router builds its own SAP table and forwards that every 60 seconds.
* Each router assigns a service number and broadcasts that.
* SAPs aren’t necessary with Cisco routers.
* Cisco routers filter out all SAPs.
Correct answer: A
Cisco routers build SAP tables and forward the table every 60 seconds. All SAPs can’t be filtered even with 4.x since NDS and time synchronization uses SAPs.

Novell’s RIP updates routing tables every 60 seconds, Apple’s RTMP is every 10 seconds, routers ARP every 60 seconds, IGRP signal every 90 seconds, and Banyan VINES signals every 90 seconds.

It first uses ticks (which is about 1/18 sec.); if there is a tie, it uses hops; if hops are equal, then it uses an administratively assigned tiebreaker.

Correct answer: A,B &C

* FDDI_802.2
Correct answer: A,B &E

* Ethernet SNAP
Correct answer: D
Ethernet 802.3 is used with NetWare versions 2 through 3.11, Ethernet 802.2 is used with NetWare 3.12 and later plus OSI routing, Ethernet II is used with TCP/IP and DECnet, and Ethernet SNAP is used with TCP/IP and AppleTalk.

* Ethernet SNAP
Correct answer: C
Ethernet 802.3 is used with NetWare versions 2 through 3.11, Ethernet 802.2 is used with NetWare 3.12 and later plus OSI routing, Ethernet II is used with TCP/IP and DECnet, and Ethernet SNAP is used with TCP/IP and AppleTalk.

* NetWare 3.11 defaults to 802.2 encapsulation.
Correct answer: A
The default encapsulation on Cisco routers is Novell Ethernet_802.3 and NetWare 3.12 and later defaults to 802.2 encapsulation, 3.11 and earlier defaults to 802.3.

* If the MAC address is used as the node address, then IPX eliminates the use of ARP.
Correct answer: A, C &D
The network address can be up to 16 hexadecimal digits in length. The node number is 12 hexadecimal digits. The node address is usually the MAC address. An example IPX address is 4a1d.0000.0c56.de33. The network part is 4a1d. The node part is 0000.0c56.de33. The network number is assigned by the system administrator of the Novell network.

* SPX
* NetBIOS
Correct answer: A
IPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange) is a NetWare network layer 3 protocol used for transferring information on LANs.

* SAP
* NCP
Correct answer: A
NetWare Link Services Protocol (NLSP) provides link-state routing. SAP (Service Advertisement Protocol) advertises network services. NCP (NetWare Core Protocol) provides client-to-server connections and applications. RIP is a distance vector routing protocol.

* debug IP igrp summary
* debug IP igrp events
Correct answer: D
The “debug IP igrp events” is used to only display a summary of IGRP routing information. You can append an IP address onto either command to see only the IGRP updates from a neighbor.

* It disables RIP.
* It disables all routing protocols.
Correct answer: A
It isolates network 10.0.0.0 and 172.68.7.0 and associates autonomous systems 109 and 71 with IGRP. IGRP does not disable RIP, both can be used at the same time.

* the allowable length of the routing table
* the network socket number
Correct answer: A
The Cisco IOS global configuration command “router igrp xxx” is used to configure the Interior Gateway Routing Protocol. In this case, the 109 is called the process-id , which can also be used for an autonomous system number.

* proportionate load balancing
* low cost load balancing
Correct answer: A
An unequal-cost load balancing is used to provide alternate paths for data distribution on an internetwork. Cisco developed this method to use unused or under utilized links to increase bandwidth and network availability.

* 30 seconds
* 45 seconds
Correct answer: A

* contents of the IP routing table
* information about all known network and subnetworks
Correct answer: A & B
“show IP protocol” displays routing timers and network information. “show IP route” displays the routing table with information about all known networks and subnetworks.

* 10
* 60
* 90
Correct answer: A
Novell’s RIP updates routing tables every 60 seconds, Apple’s RTMP is every 10 seconds, routers ARP every 60 seconds, DECnet hosts and IGRP signal every 15 seconds, and Banyan VINES signals every 90 seconds.

* run the same routing protocol
* assigned same autonomous system number
* run IGRP only
* run RIP only
Correct answer: A,B &C
An autonomous system is a set of routers and networks under the same administration. Each router must be interconnected, run the same routing protocol, and assigned the same autonomous system number. The network Information Center (NIC) assigns a unique autonomous system number to enterprises.

A default route is analogous to a default gateway. It is used to reduce the length of routing tables and to provide complete routing capabilities when a router might not know the routes to all other networks.

The quality of information is rated:
Connected interface 0
Static route 1
IGRP 100
RIP 120
Unknown 255
The lower the value, the more reliable the source with 255 signifying information that the router will ignore. So, the router will use IGRP, rated at 100, before RIP, rated at 120.

* show run
* show neighbors
* show cdp
Correct answer: A

* It tells the router not to fragment the packet.
* This lets the router direct the packet to the destination it finds in its routing table.
* It tell the router to send the packet to the next hop router
Correct answer: A
“Set DF bit in IP header?” is a response to an extended ping at the router. If you answer yes (the default) the router will not fragment the packet. If you answer no, the router will fragment the packet.

What does the “.” signify?
* That one message timed out.
* That all messages were successful.
* That one message was successful.
* That one message completed in under the allotted timeframe.
Correct answer: A

The possible responses from the ping command are: ! Successful receipt of an echo reply. Timed out waiting for a reply U Destination unreachable C Congestion-experienced packet I Ping interrupted ? Packet type unknown & Packet TTL exceeded

Correct answer: A
The Cisco IOS EXEC command “trace [protocol] [destination]” is used to discover routes that packets will travel to their destination hosts. Trace uses TTL (Time to Live) values to report destination route information.

* It sets the domain name lookup to be a local broadcast.
* This is an illegal command.
* It disables domain name lookup.
* The command is now defunct and has been replaced by “IP server-name ip any”

Correct answer: A
By default DNS is enabled on a router with a server address of 255.255.255.255, which provides for a local broadcast.

Correct answer: A
You can only specify six name servers in one command. The syntax is “IP name-server server-address1 [[ server-address2 ]…server-address6]. You must also enable
DNS.

* IP host duplicate “all”
Correct answer: A
The correct syntax is IP host name [ TCP-port-number ] address [ address ]….. So, “IP host P1R1 1.0.0.5 2.0.0.8? is the correct choice. “IP host jacob 1.0.0.5? only points the host name jacob to one IP address–1.0.0.5.

* Router#ip netmask-format { bitcount | decimal | hexadecimal }
Correct answer: A & B
Router#term IP netmask-format { bitcount | decimal | hexadecimal } and Router(config-if)#IP netmask-format { bitcount | decimal | hexadecimal } are correct. You can configure the mask for the current session and you can configure it for a specific line.

* Bit-count
* Octal
* Binary
Correct answer: A, B &C

* 255.255.255.128, C,153.50.6.0, 153.50.6.127
* 255.255.255.128, C,153.50.6.127, 153.50.6.0
* 255.255.255.224, C,153.50.6.0, 153.50.6.127
Correct answer: A

* 255.255.255.252, B,128.16.32.12, 128.16.32.15
* 255.255.255.252, C,128.16.32.12, 128.16.32.15
* 255.255.255.252, B,128.16.32.15, 128.16.32.12
* 255.255.255.248, B,128.16.32.12, 128.16.32.15
Correct answer: A

and broadcast address.
* 255.255.248.0, A, 15.16.192.0, 15.16.199.255
* 255.255.248.0, B, 15.16.192.0, 15.16.199.255
* 255.255.248.0, A, 15.16.199.255, 14.15.192.0
* 255.255.242.0, A, 15.16.192.0, 15.16.199.255
Correct answer: A

The easiest way to calculate this is to subtract 255.255.255.248 (subnet mask) from 255.255.255.255, this
equals 7. Convert the address 201.222.5.121 to binary–11001001 11011110 00000101 01111001. Convert the
mask 255.255.255.248 to binary–11111111 11111111 11111111 11111000. AND them together to get: 11001001 11011110

* 126
* 16,372
Correct answer: A
172.16.2 120 is a standard Class B address with a subnet mask that allows 254 hosts. You are a network administrator and have been assigned the IP address of 201.222.5.0. You need to have 20 subnets with 5 hosts per subnet. The subnet mask is 255.255.255.248.

* 201.222.5.16
* 201.222.5.19
* 201.222.5.31
Correct answer: A,B & D
Subnet addresses in this situation are all in multiples of 8. In this example, 201.222.5.16 is the subnet, 201.22.5.31 is the broadcast address. The rest are valid host IDs on subnet 201.222.5.16.

By borrowing 5 bits from the last octet, you can. have 30 subnets. If you borrowed only 4 bits you could only have 14 subnets. The formula is (2 to the power of n)-2. By borrowing 4 bits, you have (2×2×2×2)-2=14. By borrowing 5 bits, you have (2×2×2×2×2)-2=30. To get 20 subnets, you would need to borrow 5 bits so the subnet mask would be 255.255.255.248.

To find the network address, convert the IP address to binary–10101100 000100000 00000010 10100000–then ANDed it with the subnet mask–11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000. The rest is 10101100 00010000 00000000 00000000, which is 172.16.0.0 in decimal.
The first octet rule states that the class of an address can be determined by the numerical value of the first octet.

Correct answer: B & C
Address classes are: 1 to 126, Class A; 128 to 191, Class B, 192 to 223, Class C; 224 to 239, Class D; and

* 1 to 126, Class B
* 128 to 191, Class B
Correct answer: B & C.
Address classes are: 1 to 126, Class A; 128 to 191, Class B, 192 to 223, Class C; 224 to 239, Class D; and

* 240 – 255, Class D
* 240 – 255, Class E
* 224 – 239, Class D
* 224 – 239, Class E
Correct answer: A & D

Address classes are: 1 to 126, Class A; 128 to 191, Class B, 192 to 223, Class C; 224 to 239, Class D; and 240 to 255, Class E.

Correct answer: A
Class A addresses include 1.0.0.0 through 126.0.0.0
Class B addresses include 128.0.0.0 through 191.255.0.0
Class C addresses include 192.0.0.0 through 223.255.255.0
Class D addresses include 224.0.0.0 through 239.255.255.0

* Class B
* Class D
Correct answer: A
Possible Subnets IP Address Class Possible Hosts

IP Address Class Possible Subnets Possible Hosts

* IGRP
Correct answer: A
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) maps an IP address to the MAC address, RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol) maps the MAC address to the IP address. ARP and RARP work at the internet layer of the Internet Model or the network layer of the OSI model.

* Low Memory
Correct answer: A
Source quench is the process where the destination router, or end internetworking device will “quench” the date from the “source”, or the source router. This usually happens when the destination router runs out of buffer space to process packets.

* TFTP
* FTP
Correct answer: A
ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is a network layer internet protocol described in RFC # 792. ICMP reports IP packet information such as destination Unreachable, Time Exceeded, Parameter Problem, Source Quench, Redirect, Echo, Echo Reply, Timestamp, Information Request, Information Reply, Address Request, and Address Reply.

* FTP
* TFTP
Correct answer: A & B
The following are the fields in an IP segment,
their length, and their definitions:
VERS (Version number – 16 bits)

HLEN (Number of 32-bit words in the header – 4 bits)
Type of Server (How the datagram should be handled – 32 bits)
Total Length (Total length of header and data – 32 bits)
Identification (Provide fragmentation of datagrams to allow different MTUs in the internet – 4 bits)
Flags (Provide fragmentation of datagrams to allow different MTUs in the internet – 4 bits)
Frag Offset (Provide fragmentation of datagrams to allow different MTUs in the internet – 6 bits)
TTL (Time-To-Live – 6 bits)
Protocol (Upperlayer protocol sending the datagram – 16 bits)
Header Checksum )Integrity check on the header – 16 bits)

Source IP Address (32 bits)
Destination IP Address (32 bits)
IP Options (network testing, debugging, security and others – 4 bits)
Data (4 bits).

* Reservation field
Correct answer: A
The following are the fields in an IP segment, their length, and their definitions:
VERS (Version number – 16 bits)
HLEN (Number of 32-bit words in the header – 4 bits)
Type of Server (How the datagram should be handled – 32 bits)
Total Length (Total length of header and data – 32 bits)
Identification (Provide fragmentation of datagrams to allow different MTUs in the internet – 4 bits)

Flags (Provide fragmentation of datagrams to allow different MTUs in the internet – 4 bits)
Frag Offset (Provide fragmentation of datagrams to allow different MTUs in the internet – 6 bits)
TTL (Time-To-Live – 6 bits)
Protocol (Upperlayer protocol sending the datagram – 16 bits)
Header Checksum )Integrity check on the header – 16 bits)
Source IP Address (32 bits)
Destination IP Address (32 bits)
IP Options (network testing, debugging, security and others – 4 bits)
Data (4 bits).

The following are the fields in an IP segment, their length, and their definitions:
VERS (Version number – 16 bits)
HLEN (Number of 32-bit words in the header – 4 bits)
Type of Server (How the datagram should be handled – 32 bits)
Total Length (Total length of header and data – 32 bits)
Identification (Provide fragmentation of datagrams to allow different MTUs in the internet – 4 bits)
Flags (Provide fragmentation of datagrams to allow different MTUs in the internet – 4 bits)
Frag Offset (Provide fragmentation of datagrams to allow different MTUs in the internet – 6 bits)
TTL (Time-To-Live – 6 bits)

Protocol (Upperlayer protocol sending the datagram – 16 bits)
Header Checksum )Integrity check on the header – 16 bits)
Source IP Address (32 bits)
Destination IP Address (32 bits)
IP Options (network testing, debugging, security and others – 4 bits) Data (4 bits).

* Frag Offset
* Type of Service
* Total Length
Correct answer: A, B & C
The following are the fields in an IP segment, their length, and their definitions:
VERS (Version number – 16 bits)

HLEN (Number of 32-bit words in the header – 4 bits)
Type of Server (How the datagram should be handled – 32 bits)
Total Length (Total length of header and data – 32 bits)
Identification (Provide fragmentation of datagrams to allow different MTUs in the internet – 4 bits)
Flags (Provide fragmentation of datagrams to allow different MTUs in the internet – 4 bits)
Frag Offset (Provide fragmentation of datagrams to allow different MTUs in the internet – 6 bits)
TTL (Time-To-Live – 6 bits)
Protocol (Upperlayer protocol sending the datagram – 16 bits)
Header Checksum )Integrity check on the header – 16 bits)

Source IP Address (32 bits)
Destination IP Address (32 bits)
IP Options (network testing, debugging, security and others – 4 bits)
Data (4 bits).

* Destination Port
Correct answer: A & B
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) does not use sequence or acknowledgement fields in transmission.
UDP is a connectionless and unreliable protocol, since there is no delivery checking mechanism in the UDP data format.

* Destination Port – 16 bits, Source Port – 16 bits, Length – 16 Bits, Checksum – 16 bits, Data
* Source Port – 16 bits, Destination Port – 16 bits, Checksum – 16 Bits, Length – 16 bits, Data
* Source Port – 8 bits, Destination Port – 8 bits, Length -8 Bits, Checksum – 8 bits, Data
Correct answer: A
The UDP format for a segment is as follows:
Source Port 16 bits
Destination Port 16 bits

Length 16 bits
Checksum 16 bits
Data xx bits

* DDR is dial-on-demand routing. It provides routing for low volume and periodic traffic.
Correct answer: D
DDR is dial-on-demand routing. It provides routing for low volume and periodic traffic. It initiates a call to a remote site when there is traffic to transmit.

* Packet
Correct answer: A & B
The access lists are standard and extended. Standard access lists for IP check the source address of packets that could be routed. Extended access lists can check the source and destination packet plus check for specific protocols, port numbers, etc.

* The source address
* The packet contents
Correct answer: A
The first thing checked is to see if the packet is routable or bridgeable. If it is not, the packet will be dropped.

* Unlimited
* Router interface +1 per port.
Correct answer: A
Only one access list is allowed per interface. An access list must have conditions that test true for all packets that use the access list.

IP access-group 1 out
* This will block traffic from subnet 172.16.4.0 and allow all other traffic.
* This will allow traffic from subnet 172.16.4.0 and block all other traffic.
* All traffic is allowed.
* All traffic is blocked.
Correct answer: A

This will block traffic from subnet 172.16.4.0 and allow all other traffic. The first statement “access-list 1 deny 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255? will deny access to the subnet 172.16.4.0.

* This will permit tftp traffic.
Correct answer: A
This will block ftp traffic since ftp uses ports 20 and 21.

* 800 – 899
* 1000 – 1099
Correct answer: wer: B & C
AppleTalk access lists use numbers in the 600 – 699 range. IP uses 1 – 99 for standard access lists or 100-199 for extended access lists. IPX uses 800 – 899 or 900 – 999 for extended access lists. IPX SAP filters use 1000 – 1099.

* It tells the router to ignore the corresponding bit value.
* It tells the router to check its alternate routing list.
* It tells the router to use its primary routing list.
Correct answer: A
It tells the router to check the corresponding bit value.

* 0.0.255.255
* 0.0.31.255
* 0.0.127.255
* 0.0.255.255
Correct answer: A
0.0.15.255 will check the last 13 bits of an address so that computers 172.30.16.0 to 172.30.31.0 will be denied access. 0.0.31.255 would check the last 6 binary digits and deny access to addresses 172.30.32.0 to 172.30.63.0. 0.0.127.255 would check the last 7 binary digits and deny access to addresses 172.30.64.0 to 172.30.127.0. 0.0.255.255 would deny 172.30.0.0 to 172.30.254.0. If you write decimal 15 in binary, you have 0001111, the 1’s tell the router to ignore address with these bits set; 0’s tell the router to check the bits. The third octet for 172.30.16.0 is 00010000. The third octet for 172.30.31.0 would be 00011111. So, traffic from these addresses would be denied.

Cisco uses host to specify 0.0.0.0. This tells the router to check all. Cisco uses any to specify 255.255.255.255. This tells the router to ignore all and permit any address to use an access list test.

* Only traffic from the source network 172.16.0.0 will be forwarded. Non-172.16.0.0 network traffic is blocked.
* Non-172.16.0.0 traffic will be forwarded.
* All traffic will be forwarded.
Correct answer: B
Only traffic from the source network 172.16.0.0 will be forwarded. Non-172.16.0.0 network traffic is blocked. The wildcard mask 0.0.255.255 tells the router to check the first 2 octets and to ignore the last 2 octets.

* Put extended access lists as near the destination as possible. Put standard access lists as close to the source as possible.
* It isn’t import where access lists are placed since the router will read and cache the whole list.
* Put access lists as close to corporate headquarters as possible.
Correct answer: A
Put standard access lists as near the destination as possible. Put extended access lists as close to the source as possible. Standard access lists don’t specify the destination address.

access-list 800 permit 2b 4d
int e0
ipx network 4d
ipx access-group 800 out
int e1
ipx network 2b
int e2
ipx network 3c
What did these command accomplish?

* Traffic from network 4c destined for network 4d will be forwarded out Ethernet0.
* Traffic from network 3c destined for network 4d will be forwarded out Ethernet0.
* Traffic from network 2b destined for network 4d will be forwarded out Ethernet0.
* Traffic from network 4d destined for network 2d will be forwarded out Ethernet0.
Correct answer: C
Traffic from network 2b destined for network 4d will be forwarded out Ethernet0. The other interfaces E1 and E2 are not subject to the access list since they lack the access group statement to link them to access list 800.

ipx output-sap-filter 1000
* File server advertisements from server 9e.1234.5678.1212 will not be forwarded on interface S0.
* All other SAP services, other than file server, from any source will be forwarded on S0.
* All other SAP services, other than print server, from any source will be forwarded on S0.
* Print server advertisements from server 9e.1234.5678.1212 will not be forwarded on interface S0.
Correct answer: A & B

File server advertisements from server 9e.1234.5678.1212 will not be forwarded on interface S0. All other SAP services, other than file server, from any source will be forwarded on S0.

Because the access list is numbered in the 800 range, you are filtering IPX/SPX traffic.

Signaling System 7 (SS7) uses telephone control messages and signals between the transfer points along the way to the called destination. Time-division Multiplexing (TDM) has information from multiple sources and allocates bandwidth on a single media. Circuit switching uses signaling to determine the call route, which is a dedicated path between the sender and the receiver. Basic telephone service and Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) use TDM circuits. X.25 and Frame Relay services have information contained in packets or frames to share non-dedicated bandwidth. X.25 avoids delays for call setup. Frame Relay uses permanent virtual circuits (PVCs).

Correct answer: A, B & C
A modem, CSU/DSU (Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit), or TA/NT1 (Terminal Adapter/Network Termination 1) can be used to convert the user data from the DTE into a form acceptable to the WAN service’s facility.

* Last-mile
Correct answer: A
The demarcation or demarc is the juncture at which the CPE ends and the local loop portion of the service begins. The CO (Central Office) is the nearest point of presence for the provider’s WAN service. The local loop or “last-mile” is the cabling that extends from the demarc into the WAN service provider’s central office.

* IPX/SPX
* NetBEUI
Correct answer: A, B & C
You can access three forms of WAN services with Cisco routers. Switched or relayed services include X.25, Frame Relay, and ISDN. An interface front end to IBM enterprise data center computers includes SDLC. And, you can access the services of WAN providers using protocols that connect peer devices such as HDLC and PPP encapsulation. IPX/SPX and NetBEUI are LAN protocols.

* Flag, Address, Control, Protocol, LCP (Code, Identifier, Length, Data), FCS, Flag
* Flag, Address, Control, Data, FCS, Flag
* Flag, Address, Control, Proprietary, Data, FCS, Flag
Correct answer: D
The Cisco HDLC frame format is Flag, Address, Control Proprietary, Data, FCS, Flag. The PPP frame format is Flag, Address, Control, Protocol, LCP (Code, Identifier, Length, Data), FCS, Flag. The SDLC and LAPB format is Flag, Address, Control, Data, FCS, Flag.
85: Select the physical interfaces that PPP can be configured on a Cisco router:
* Asynchronous serial

* HSSI
* ISDN
* Synchronous serial
Correct answer: A, B, C & D
All four of them can carry PPP traffic. HSSI is High Speed Serial Interface.

* PPP uses its Network Control Programs (NCPs) component to encapsulate multiple protocols.
* PPP can only transport TCP/IP
* SLIP can only transport TCP/IP.
* SLIP uses its Network Control Programs (NCPs) component to encapsulate multiple protocols.
Correct answer: A & C

87a Which protocol for PPP LCP (Link Control Protocol) performs a challenge handshake?
* CHAP
* PAP
* UDP
* IPX
Correct answer: A

87b Which form of PPP error detection on Cisco routers monitors data dropped on a link?
* Quality
* Magic Number
* Error Monitor
* Droplink
Correct answer: A

The Quality protocol monitors data dropped on a link. Magic Number avoids frame looping.

Correct answer: A

Correct answer: C

Correct answer: A & B

* Handshake phase
* Dial-in phase
Correct answer: A, B & C

* Arpa
* 802.2
* Novell-Ether
* SAP
Correct answer: D

* Same autonomous system number
* Connected using Ethernet only
* Use composite metric
D)Configured for PPP
Correct answer: A

* 100 = metric, 1300 = administrative distance
* 100 = administrative distance, 1300 = hop count
* 100 = administrative distance, 1300 = metric
* 100 = hop count, 1300 = metric
Correct answer: C

* Split horizon
* Holddown timers
* Poison reverse
* SPF algorithm
* LSP’s
Correct answer: A B C

Full duplex is just the opposite of half duplex. It handles traffic in both directions simultaneously.

Store and forward switching receives the entire frame before dispatching it.
98Identify the purpose of ICMP?
* Avoiding routing loops
* Send error and control messages
* Transporting routing updates
* Collision detection
Correct answer: B

ICMP is used to send error and control messages. Ping uses ICMP to carry the echo-request and echo-reply.
99Which statement is true regarding the user exec and privileged exec mode?
* The ‘?’ only works in Privileged exec
* They are identical
* They both require the enable password
* User exec is a subset of the privileged exec
Correct answer: D

The user exec mode is a subset of the privileged exec mode. Only a certain number of commands are available at the user exec mode.

* Presentation
Correct answer: B
Layer 4 the Transport layer performs this function.

* Ping
* Trace
Correct answer: C
Because Telnet is an application and it resides at the top of the stack it traverses down the stack and up the stack at the receiving end.

* Management port
* Console port
Correct answer: A D
The 2 hardware ports used to configure the router are the console and auxiliary ports.

* 10 Mbps
* 96Kpbs
Correct answer: B
The default bandwidth is T1.

* Limit number of workstations on a network
* Block IPX traffic
Correct answer: A D
IPX access lists are used to restrict IPX traffic and SAP broadcasts.

* Supports Stacker compression
* Supports point-to-point and multipoint
Correct answer: A D
HDLC is the default serial encapsulation and supports point-to-point and multipoint. It is not an open standard and does not support compression.

* Telnet
* SMTP
* DNS
* RARP
Correct answer: C D E
ARP and AURP are not part the application layer of the TCP/IP stack. SMTP – Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, Telnet, DNS – Domain Name Services (name to IP resolution).

* 802.5
Correct answer: A E F
The question is asking for 3 LAN technologies, HDLC, HSSI and X.25 are all WAN technologies.

* HSSI
* SDLC
* Frame Relay
Correct answer: A D E F
802.5 and FDDI are LAN technologies

* Physical
* Session
* Presentation
* Application
* Transport
Correct answer: E

Layer 7 the Application layer performs this function.

IPX address has 2 components; network and node. The network address is 32 bits and the node is 48 bits, total of 80 bits.

The administrative distance for RIP is 120 and IGRP is 100. The lower the AD the better the routing information.

Layer 2 the Data-Link layer incorporates the MAC and LLC sublayers

Correct answer: C
There are two types of Frame Relay encapsulations; Cisco and IETF. IETF is required when connecting a Cisco to a non-Cisco router.

Correct answer: A C
TCP and UPD are both layer 4 Transport protocols and both use port number to identify upper level applications.

* Can load balance
Correct answer: A B E
IP RIP is a distance vector protocol, it can load balance up to 4 equal cost paths and it’s rating of trustworthiness is 120.

* Hub
Correct answer: A
A Hub and Repeater are layer 1 devices. A Router is a layer 3 device.

* Equipment which is located at the customer premises
Correct answer: C
Demarcation is the point in which responsibility changes hands.

* Open standard
* Does not require any layer 3 protocols to be configured
Correct answer: B C E
CDP is used for 2 basic reasons; neighbor connectivity and layer 3 discovery if configured. It is proprietary and is on by default.

* 60 second updates
* Default encapsulation is SAP
* Uses ticks and hop count as a metric
Correct answer: A C E
IPX RIP is a distance vector routing protocol, it does support multiple paths, the default encapsulation is ‘novell-ether’, it uses tick count as a primary metric and hop count as a tie breaker and it sends it’s updates every 60 seconds.

* 1 – 99
* 1000 – 1099
* 100 – 199
Correct answer: D
IP extended access-lists use the number range of 100-199.

* X.25a
* ITU-1
* Q933a
Correct answer: A
The X.25 layer 3 addressing standards is X.121.

* New horizon
* Flash updates
* 60 periodic updates
* Poison reverse
Correct answer: A C E
IGRP uses a composite metric made up of bandwidth and delay by default, it updates every 60 seconds and will trigger an update if the topology changes.

One location to store the backup configuration is NVRAM.

The default IPX LAN encapsulation is Novell-Ether which is 802.3

Correct answer: A C E
There are 3 types of IP access-lists; standard, extended and named. Named access-lists can be either standard or extended depending on how they are configured.

* Trace
Correct answer: A B D
Changes to the configuration can be entered via the console, a config stored in NVRAM or on a TFTP server. Trace and ping are tools to verify connectivity.

* Network management
Correct answer: B
A Traffic light is an example of flow control.

* Flow control
Correct answer: D
Windowing allow the sender and receiver to dictate how much information that can be received prior to an acknowledgement. It is a form of flow control.

* Round-robin
* Output-sap-filter
Correct answer: C E
SAP’s can be blocked by 2 methods; inbound and outbound.

* Assigned the same autonomous system number
* Configured for the same routing protocol
* Must be same model of router
Correct answer: B C D
Autonomous system must be interconnected, assigned the same AS # and configured with the same routing protocol.

* ROM
* RAM
* Flash
Correct answer: C
RAM is the dynamic memory area. ROM contains the boot strap code, NVRAM contains the startup-config and Flash contains the IOS.

* Applications that use UDP must incorporate reliability
* Connection-less oriented
* Incorporates no handshaking
Correct answer: B C D
UPD is a layer 4 Transport protocol. It is connection-less because it does establish a connection therefore the 3 step handshake is not needed, it does NOT implement any flow control or acknowledgments. Any application that uses UDP must incorporate any needed reliability.

* 1000 – 1099
* 1 – 99
* 100 – 199
* 800 – 899
Correct answer: E
IPX standard access-list range is 800-899.

* Application
Correct answer: C
Layer 3 the Network layer performs this function.

* Config-register
Correct answer: B D
‘Boot system’ command the ‘config-register’ are used to manipulate the boot sequence.

* Router
Correct answer: A B C
Router are implemented not only to break up networks into smaller segments but they are used to block broadcasts.

* Remote node is control of authentication process
Correct answer: A D
PPP PAP authentication sends the username and passwords in clear text and the remote node initiates the authentication process.

* Fast forward
Correct answer: C
Cut through examines the destination MAC address and begins forwarding the frame prior to receiving the entire frame.

* Generates error and control messages
Correct answer: C
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol is used to obtain a layer 3 address if the MAC address is known which then facilitates the loading of the O/S.

* CDP
* Telnet
Correct answer: D
CDP can be used to verify connectivity prior to any layer 3 protocols being configured.

* X.25 switch
* Novell File Server
Correct answer: A
LMI stands for local management interface. It operates between the Frame Relay switch and the customer equipment.

* Server Appletalk Protocol – appletalk directory services
* Service Access Point – identify upper layer protocols
Correct answer: B
SAP is an Novell protocol to advertise services.

* Reliability
* MTU
* Delay
Correct answer: A E
IGRP can be configured to use all 5 within it’s metric. By default it uses bandwidth and delay.

* HDLC
* SDLC
* Frame Relay
* PPP
Correct answer: B
The default serial encapsulation is HDLC.

ARP is used to find a devices MAC address given an IP address.

DLCI stands for Data Link Connection Identifier. It identifies the local PVC.

Correct answer: B C E
The network layer is responsible for routing which entails learning the paths, selecting the best path and forwarding the packet. Because it services multiple layer 4 protocols it multiplexes.

* Create collision domains
Correct answer: A D E
Switches operate at layer 2. They increase bandwidth by reducing the number of devices sharing the media. They isolate collisions. Like a bridge they forward traffic based upon layer 2 address/ MAC address.

* Application
* Data-Link
* Network
Correct answer: E
Layer 2 the Data-Link layer performs this function.

* Save bandwidth by eliminating overhead
* If the router is configured for Appletalk
* When connected to a non-Cisco router
Correct answer: B D
CDP can be disabled here are a couple of reasons. Connecting a Cisco router to a non-Cisco router. Don’t want to exchange CDP information to save bandwidth.

* Transports voice only
* Support both BRI and PRI
* Runs over existing phone lines
* Same as X.25
Correct answer: A C D
ISDN supports voice, data, and video. It runs over existing phone lines and supports 128K (BRI) and T1 (PRI).

Correct answer: B C D
IGRP is a distance vector routing protocol, it’s degree of trustworthiness is 100, it can support up to 6 un-equal paths and must be configured with an autonomous system number.

Correct answer: B D
PPP CHAP authentication message are sent periodically during the connection by challenging the other end of the connection.
It is more secure than PAP and passwords and username are encrypted.

* HDLC
Correct answer: D
The default IPX serial encapsulation is HDLC.

* ROM
Correct answer: B
NVRAM contains the backup config. RAM is the dynamic memory area, ROM contains the boot strap code and Flash contains the IOS.

* 100 – 199
Correct answer: D
The extended IP access-list range is 100-199.

* 100 Base TX
Correct answer: B C D

* Session
* Data link
* TCP
Correct answer: B
Layer 4 is the Transport layer and is responsible for end-to-end connections.

* Always assigned by System Administrator
* 48 bits long
* Contains a vendor code and serial number
Correct answer: C D
MAC addresses are assigned by the vendor. Each MAC address is 48 bits long and made up of 24 bits vendor code and 24 bits serial number.

* 1000 – 1099
* 800 -899
* 100 – 199
Correct answer: B
The IPX SAP filtering range is 1000-1099.

* Host name to IP address resolution
* Mac to IP address resolution
* IP to Mac address resolution
Correct answer: D
Address Resolution Protocol resolves the MAC address if the IP address is known. It is a layer 3 protocol.

* Physical
* Data-Link
* Presentation
* Network
* Session
Correct answer: F

Layer 5 the Session layer performs this function.

Administrative distance is rating of trustworthiness of the routing information. The lower the AD the better the information.

The ping command tests layer 3 connectivity.

* 2,1,3,4,5
* 5,1,3,4,2
* 5,3,4,1,2
Correct answer: C
Cisco 5 step encapsulation.
1) User creates Data
2) Data is converted into a segment at layer 4

3) The segment is converted to packet at layer 3
4) The packet it converted into a frame at layer 2
5) The frame is converted into bits at layer 1

* NVRAM
Correct answer: C
By default the Cisco IOS is stored in flash.

* Reliability
Correct answer: D
TCP uses sequence numbers and acknowledgements to implement reliability.

* Get Notes Server – locates Domino Server
Correct answer: B
GNS stands for Get Nearest Server, initiated by a workstation.

* Borrow bits from the host portion of the address
Correct answer: D
Subnetting involves borrowing bits for the host portion of the address to be used to subnet addressing.

* Sent every 10 seconds used to verify the Frame Switch is still active
Correct answer: A
Inverse ARP operates in a Frame Relay network so the two end points can identify themselves to each other.

* Used to deliver the frame to the end device
* Contains a network portion and a host portion
Correct answer: A B D
The MAC address is 48 bits long not 32. It does NOT contain a network and host portion with the address. It is used to deliver the frame to the destination device.

* OSPF
* IGRP
* ARP
* ICMP
Correct answer: A C D
AURP and ICMP are not routing protocols.

Distance Vector routing protocols exchange entire routing tables with it’s neighbors.